trench protective systems include which of the followingtrench protective systems include which of the following

trench protective systems include which of the following02 Apr trench protective systems include which of the following

OSHA began its investigation Dec. 23, 2004, in response to a trench cave-in at a worksite on York Blvd. When material or equipment that is used for protective systems is damaged, a competent person shall examine the material or equipment and evaluate its suitability for continued use. In Type B soil, the trench excavation is permitted only in cohesive soil. The requirements of this appendix apply when the design of sloping and benching protective systems is to be performed in accordance with the requirements set forth in 1926.652(b)(2). Hazards are quickly identified, shared, and resolved. Screw Jack systems. The left end of a spring is attached to a wall. Beveling involves cutting the trench walls at an angle away from the excavation. (External link). For a more detailed discussion, see Safesites article Dig Deep: The Ultimate Excavation Safety Guide. Distress is evidenced by such phenomena as the development of fissures in the face of or adjacent to an open excavation; the subsidence of the edge of an excavation; the slumping of material from the face or the bulging or heaving of material from the bottom of an excavation; the spalling of material from the face of an excavation; and ravelling, i.e., small amounts of material such as pebbles or little clumps of material suddenly separating from the face of an excavation and trickling or rolling down into the excavation. You will be redirected once the validation is complete. means a person who is registered as a professional engineer in the state where the work is to be performed. 1926.652(b)(3) which requires Appendices A and B to be followed. Pneumatic shoring works in a manner similar to hydraulic shoring. A trench box is a protective system designed to keep workers safe, not an active shoring meant to keep trench walls from collapsing. 1926.652 (b) Design of sloping and benching systems. Rezervni dijelovi; Autolimarija i autolakirnica; Autoelektrika However, in this case, a competent person must examine the ground and find no indication of a potential cave-in. No Protective System. However, you need to have an air compressor on site when using pneumatic shoring. Surcharge loads from adjacent structures shall be evaluated in accordance with 1926.651(i). The trench was 20-25 feet deep and had been benched about one bucket-width (4 feet) on each side. In May of last year, the U.S. Department of Labor's Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) cited Dillon after a worker installing residential sewer pipes died when the trench around. When installing a trench shield, the contractor should excavate a wider area than the necessary minimum. 1926.652(c) Design of support systems, shield systems, and other protective systems. What is Type C soil? Human and administrative resources. The safe angle to slope the sides of an excavation varies with different kinds of soil. Angles have been rounded off. The four types of protective systems for trenching and excavation are: Benching Sloping Shoring Shielding Read below for more information on each protective measure Benching Excavation Safety A cave-in occurred, fatally injuring one employee and causing serious facial injuries to the other. Type C soil is the least stable type of soil . Timber shoring systems are very versatile since they are custom built to fit the trench. Designs shall be in written form and shall include at least the following: The magnitude of the slopes that were determined to be safe for the particular project; The configurations that were determined to be safe for the particular project; and. Maximum allowable slopes, and allowable configurations for sloping and benching systems, shall be determined in accordance with the conditions and requirements set forth in appendices A and B to this subpart. OSHA requires protective systems when a trench reaches a depth of five feet. (Click the Appendix B button below to see the Maximum Allowable Slope chart. Ramp 1926.652(a) Protection of employees in excavations. 1926.652 - Requirements for protective systems. means the members of a shoring system that retain the earth in position and in turn are supported by other members of the shoring system, means a structure that is able to withstand the forces imposed on it by a cave-in and thereby protect employees within the structure. Use Protective Systems. Protective systems include support systems, sloping and benching systems, shield systems, and other systems that provide the necessary protection. Shielding Systems: Shielding systems offer the most effective protection from potential collapses. Where the working area of an excavation is constantly moving, as in laying a conduit, shield systems or trench boxes may be the more appropriate protective devices to use. This appendix must be used when design of timber shoring protective systems is to be performed in accordance with 1926.652(c)(1). means a method of protecting employees from cave-ins by excavating the sides of an excavation to form one or a series of horizontal levels or steps, usually with vertical or near-vertical surfaces between levels. means one who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings, or working conditions which are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and who has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them. 1. If you prefer to skip the soil analysis, you can design your protective systems as if you are in type C soil, which is the least stable. 3. With an average of 19 trench fatalities per year, protective systems are essential for trench safety. Design of support systems, shield systems, or other protective systems that are drawn from manufacturer's tabulated data shall be in accordance with all specifications, recommendations, and limitations issued or made by the manufacturer. Shielding protects workers if a cave-in occurs by preventing debris from falling on them. If the competent person cannot assure the material or equipment is able to support the intended loads or is otherwise suitable for safe use, then such material or equipment shall be removed from service, and shall be evaluated and approved by a registered professional engineer before being returned to service. After that time the data may be stored off the jobsite, but a copy of the data shall be made available to the Secretary upon request. What is a common hazard when multiple benches have been created for an excavation? "Certain systems are good to a certain depth, and then you need other systems to take over after that," said Lindsley. Footnote(1) Numbers shown in parentheses next to maximum allowable slopes are angles expressed in degrees from the horizontal. If that situation occurs, the slope shall be cut back to an actual slope which is at least 1/2 horizontal to one vertical (1/2H:1V) less steep than the maximum allowable slope. The second number is 3 greater than the first, and the third is four times the first. Soil and rock deposits shall be classified in accordance with appendix A to subpart P of part 1926. A slope of this gradation is safe for Deviation from the specifications, recommendations, and limitations issued or made by the manufacturer shall only be allowed after the manufacturer issues specific written approval. A cubic yard of soil weighs as much as a car, so a trench collapse can kill in minutes. Please enable cookies on your browser and try again. Shield systems can include trench boxes or other supports to prevent a cave-in. You can correct any missed questions and check your answers again. All excavations are hazardous because they are inherently unstable. Note the ratio of the slope is 1:1. Timber Shoring. Given that E=0.52VE^{\circ}=0.52 \mathrm{~V}E=0.52V for the reduction Cu+(aq)+e\mathrm{Cu}^{+}(a q)+e^{-}Cu+(aq)+e Cu(s)\longrightarrow \mathrm{Cu}(s)Cu(s), calculate E,GE^{\circ}, \Delta G^{\circ}E,G, and KKK for the following reaction at 25C25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}25C : 2Cu+(aq)Cu2+(aq)+Cu(s)2 \mathrm{Cu}^{+}(a q) \longrightarrow \mathrm{Cu}^{2+}(a q)+\mathrm{Cu}(s) Click on the buttons below to see definitions and rule requirements. See Requirements for Protection Systems" for detailed slope configurations. If you are not using protective systems or equipment while working in trenches or excavations at your site, you are in danger of suffocating, inhaling toxic materials, fire, drowning, or being crushed by a cave-in. Of the four trenching and excavation protective systems, shield systems are also the most straightforward and simplistic, presenting less of a learning curve. (a) Scope and application. This extra working area may provide a way for workers to escape an unexpected crisis, such as falling objects or debris. (i) Design of support systems, shield systems, or other protective systems that are drawn from manufacturer's tabulated data shall be in accordance with all specifications, recommendations, and limitations issued or made by the manufacturer. We keep a pulse on the latest regulations, standards, and industry trends in safety and write about them here on our blog. (ii)Excavations are less than 5 feet (1.52m) in depth and examination of the ground by a competent person provides no indication of a potential cave-in. using the attachments and the video link about to answer the questions below. Shields used in trenches are usually referred to as "trench boxes" or "trench shields. Screw jack systems differ from hydraulic and pneumatic systems in that the struts of a screw jack system must be adjusted manually. The horizontal supports are called walers. No horizontal bracing was used. Hazard prevention and control should contain both. It is by sloping the sides of the trench to a safe angle. OSHA excavation standards are specifications of requirements for trenching and excavation, including protective systems. Shoring or shielding selected as the method of protection. Shield systems shall not be subjected to loads exceeding those which the system was designed to withstand. The angle required depends upon soil classification and water content. Features include: A smooth and comfortable ride. Limits compaction. High traction characteristics are ideal for loader applications. . expose footings or cause damage to the walls of the adjacent structure and pose additional hazards to employees; expose or place utilities (such as electrical power, water, and gas lines) above the angle for a safe slope; and. (i) Sloping and benching systems not utilizing Option (1) or Option (2) or Option (3) under paragraph (b) of this section shall be approved by a registered professional engineer. Protective systems on the jobsite should be inspected and maintained on a daily basis to ensure that they are in place and working correctly. Want to read all 2 pages? Under the OSHA 2226-10R 2015 Trenching and Excavation Safety standards, the competent person performs the following tasks to identify existing and predictable hazards: classify soil; inspect protective systems; design structural ramps; monitor water removal equipment; and, conduct site inspections. The only workers allowed in the trench should be those who are absolutely needed to perform the task at hand. Such system is designed specifically to support the sidewalls of an excavation and prevent cave-ins. There are four types of protective systems used for trench safety: sloping, shoring, shielding, and benching. Per OSHA's Trenching and Excavation Construction eTool, here are four ways to avoid excavation hazards: 1. The work often takes place in congested areas, on public roads or at building sites. He directed an employee to exit the trench believing collapse was imminent. (2) Option (2)-Determination of slopes and configurations using Appendices A and B. Single-Cylinder Hydraulic Shores. Selecting Protective Systems. In this method, a trench box or shield designed or approved by a registered professional engineer is used. The OSHA standard doesn't require a protective system when an excavation is _____. The following figures are a graphic summary of the requirements contained in subpart P for excavations 20 feet or less in depth. When surcharge loads from stored material or equipment, operating equipment, or traffic are present, a competent person shall determine the degree to which the actual slope must be reduced below the maximum allowable slope, and shall assure that such reduction is achieved. The type of soil determines the horizontal to vertical ratio of the benched side. It should be installed with aluminum hydraulic supports or other types of supports to prevent digging, soil movement and subsidence. Deep and long trenches are probably better suited to timber shoring than any other form of protective system. After that time this data may be stored off the jobsite, but a copy shall be made available to the Secretary upon request. This appendix contains information that can be used when aluminum hydraulic shoring is provided as a method of protection against cave-ins in trenches that do not exceed 20 feet in depth. The safe angle must be determined with each individual project. 2Cu+(aq)Cu2+(aq)+Cu(s), Hazard or mitigation controls may be short and/or long term, Hazard prevention and control should contain both, A safety and health program is called a living document why, A safety and health program changes as an organization changes, What should an incident investigation program include, I'm general accidents and incidents are caused by unsafe or hazardous conditions and, Unsafe or unhealthy actions and behaviors, Who should be on the team that evaluates a safety and health program, Who should be involved in communication and coordination of safety and health programs, Managers are considered what within an organization when it comes to safety and health, What is the ideal time for conducting witness interviews during an incident investigation, As promptly as possible since memories fade over time, Which of the following is an incident that should be investigated, Of the following who should be the best choice to write your organization safety and health program, You have been investigating an incident where a worker was struck in the head by a flying scrap of wood from a table saw which of the following corrective actions might be the most appropriate, Table saws must always have guards installed, Which of the following is a benefit for having a safety and health program, A company may need to bid on a contract that requires safety and health documentation, When should a formal hazard assessment or inspection be performed, Which of the following is a line role with regard to an organizations safety and health program, Implementing and maintaining the safety and health program, Which of the following statement are true about incidents, Nearly all workplace incidents are wholly preventable, Personal fall arrest hooks must be locking and, Designed to prevent opening and slipping off the connector, Personal fall arrest system connectors must be compatible and capable of supporting at least, If there are defects found during the inspection of personal fall protection equipment or if the equipment has been used in an arrest it must be, Three major components of personal fall arrest sustain anchor and the anchorage connector full body harness and, Horizontal lifelines shall be designed installed and used under the supervision of a what as part of a complete personal fall arrest system which maintains safety factor of at least two, Fall restraint systems must meet which of the following criteria, It is important to secure your ladder whenever feasible to, OSHA and ladder manufacturers require which of the following when ascending or descending, The three main types of portable ladders are, The 4:1 angle rule for extension ladders means which of the following, For every 4ft of the ladder it should be 1 for away from the wall, Protect yourself while working in a ladder by, Supported scaffold systems must be inspected for, Every supported scaffold and it's components must support without failure it's own weight and at least what the intended load, The guardrails on suspended scaffolds manufactured after the year 2000 must be how long with mid rails installed approximately halfway between the top rail and the platform surface, A what must be available to direct workers who are constructing a moving scaffolds, Employees must not work on scaffold surfaces until, The surface are determined to have the strength and structural integrity to support their intended loads, Hazards of type scaffold being used along with it's maximum intended load and capacity, A person must select direct employees who erect dismantle more or alter scaffold and who must inspect scafffolding to ensure compliance is called a, OSHA's specifically requires who to assess the workplace to determine if the walking and working surfaces on which you work have the strength and structural integrity to safety support workers, A what is any mechanism used to dissipate a substantial amount of energy during a fall arrest or otherwise limits the energy imposed on an employee during fall arrest, Horizontal lifelines shall be designed installed and used under the supervision of a qualified person as part of a complete personal fall arrest system which maintains a safety factor of, At least two times the maximum intended load, A what must be available to direct workers who are constructing or moving scaffolds, Electrical burns occur principally because of, The heat generated by the flow of electrical current through the body, The "B" in the acronym BESAFE stand for burns what are the 3 types of burns that are caused by exposure to electricity, An electrical hazard can be defined as a serious workplace hazard that exposes workers to which of the following, According to OSHA what does the term electrocution mean, Any overhead power line should be considered energized unless the entity owning or operating the electrical utility suppling the line certifies that it is, The minimum safe distance for equipment operating in proximity to energized power lines that contain up to 50,000 volts is, Where can minimum clearance distances for working near power lines be found, New and improved tolls and technologies exist that help prevent inadvertent shock and electrocution hazards with underground energized utilities including, The three most common GFCI's used today are, Which of the following is an electrical hazard, Extension cords should be inspected prior to their use for, For a lockout ragout to be effective all the energy sources must be isolated in the off position zero energy must be verified and each worker must apply an individual lock to the locking device the key for each persons lock is kept with, Which of the following are major causes do to the failure to follow lockout ragout procedures, The purpose of a lockout ragout checklist is to, OSHA requires all power cords to be protected from mechanical damage and environmental deterioration which includes protection from, You can help protect yourself from electrocution by, Personal protective equipment for electrical workers is designed to provide protection under certain circumstances and conditions typical footwear will be marked what if its approved for electrical work, Electrical PPE with the following defects must NOT be used

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